Source: European Parliament
Question for written answer E-001581/2025
to the Commission
Rule 144
Emmanouil Fragkos (ECR)
Following the campaigns of Alexander the Great, Greek influence spread to parts of present-day Pakistan and northern India. The Indo-Greek kingdoms (c. 180 BC – 10 AD) established Greek settlements and cultural monuments, reflecting the cultural cross-pollination between Greece and India.
In 2015, the Dawn newspaper reported on the deteriorating condition of the Bazira (Barikot) archaeological site in Swat (Pakistan), an ancient city associated with Alexander the Great and the Indo-Greek period. Despite its importance, the site suffered from inadequate protection measures. Similarly, The Express Tribune reported in 2010 that the ancient seat of the Gandhara civilisation in Swat was in poor condition due to neglect by the authorities, especially after vandalism by religious extremists. A 2016 article in The Diplomat described how Pakistan’s 2,000-year-old historical treasures, including those from the Indo-Greek period, are under threat from religious extremists and smugglers. The lack of adequate protection and preservation measures has exacerbated the situation. The US has supported 35 cultural heritage preservation projects across Pakistan, contributing over USD 8.4 million.
In light of the above:
- 1.How does the Commission monitor Pakistan’s compliance with international standards for the protection of Indo-Greek culture, in view of the country’s assessment for GSP+ status?
- 2.In which bilateral meetings has the Commission raised the issue with the Government of Pakistan and in what way?
Submitted: 21.4.2025