Source: European Parliament
Central Asia links the huge Asian continent with Europe. The EU recognises its strategic importance in trade and energy routes, as well as in resources such as gas, oil and minerals (particularly gold, uranium and all types of rare earths). In 2019, the EU updated its Central Asia strategy to focus on resilience (covering areas such as human rights, border security and the environment), prosperity (with a strong emphasis on connectivity) and regional cooperation. The first-ever EU-Central Asia Summit, which took place in April 2025, represented a milestone and was an opportunity to upgrade relations to a strategic partnership, deepen trade and focus on energy economic cooperation, investment, high-quality connectivity, digitalisation, sustainable development and security cooperation (including hybrid threats). A EUR 12 billion investment package is planned through the Global Gateway, aimed at improving trade routes. It is a key opportunity for the EU to demonstrate its geopolitical interest in intensifying bilateral engagement and enhancing regional cooperation with Central Asia, to reduce its dependence on China and Russia in the context of global geopolitical changes. The summit also focused on climate action, human rights and strategic resources (including critical raw materials). In the light of the situation in Afghanistan, Central Asia has become crucial for security and stability. The January 2022 riots in Kazakhstan, which ended after the Collective Security Treaty Organization sent Russian-led troops, and the border clashes between Central Asian countries show the risk of instability in a region under Moscow’s influence. This influence in Central Asia is, however, weakening as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the concentration of troops at the front. This shift has created opportunities for Central Asian countries to emerge as more independent regional actors and has opened new avenues for partnership and cooperation with the EU in areas such as energy, raw materials and connectivity. However, Russia remains a key security provider in the region, with military facilities in three of the five Central Asian countries, and it controls two thirds of arms’ imports and supports the region’s governments. For trade and investment, the Chinese influence is growing with its Belt and Road Initiative. In response to the initiative, the EU has increased its engagement and investment in the region with the EU Global Gateway. Taking into account individual Member States’ assistance, the EU has become the largest donor in Central Asia, allocating over EUR 550 million to the Central Asia regional multiannual indicative programme for 2021-2027. The EU and Central Asia have taken important steps through the EU Global Gateway to develop the Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor, aimed at creating a multimodal, modern and competitive route linking Europe and Central Asia. Parliament continues to highlight the importance of resp[…]